Elliana Jay on the abandoned cinemas of the UK - and whether there's any hope for the moviehouses where the lights have gone out.
This article first appeared in Film Stories issue 27 in August 2021.
We've all been deprived of the neon flickers and sugary scent of cinemas this past year. Usually aglow with activity, those lifeless buildings became a dismal sight for the daily walk. Happily, audiences have begun to reunite beneath the projection light. Yet some auditoriums remain in darkness - and not the dim-lit anticipation before a screening, but a decades-long shroud. Ghosts of their former glory, disused cinemas haunt towns across the UK with wilting memories of a bygone era. Local residents who once admired their picture palaces now berate them as eyesores. Why did so many cinemas not get the happy ending their Hollywood films promised?
Cinemagoers didn't have to venture far for their film fix by the end of the 1930s. By 1946 there were an estimated 4,816 cinema buildings across the UK, compared to 843 active sites as of 2020. However, years of post-war recovery did not work in cinema's favour and the ritualistic addiction of cinemagoing experienced a rapid decline. A trip to the pictures fell out of fashion.
From chic to shabby, a lack of ticket sales caused many fall into disrepair. Others were unable to recover from accidental fires, Blitz bombings and, in Northern Ireland, targeted destruction during the Troubles. Those that avoided demolition were commonly repurposed as bingo halls in the 60s, before transitioning into nightclubs and leisure centres from the 80s onwards. Some fell on harder times and permanently closed their doors. Financial hardships, planning restrictions and ownership disputes mean some remain untouched.
Abandoned cinemas have a certain lure. Having played significant roles in their local communities, their walls whisper secrets of our shared histories. They are the few survivors from cinema's heyday, making it through raging war, ruthless competition and severe pigeon infestations. Teetering between demolition and restoration, they need a push in the right direction from their local councils and residents.
Here are just five such examples from around the UK, and the stories behind them.

<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Elliana Jay on the abandoned cinemas of the UK &#8211; and whether there&#8217;s any hope for the moviehouses where the lights have gone out.</strong></p>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>This article first appeared in Film Stories issue 27 in August 2021.</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We&#8217;ve all been deprived of the neon flickers and sugary scent of cinemas this past year. Usually aglow with activity, those lifeless buildings became a dismal sight for the daily walk. Happily, audiences have begun to reunite beneath the projection light. Yet some auditoriums remain in darkness &#8211; and not the dim-lit anticipation before a screening, but a decades-long shroud. Ghosts of their former glory, disused cinemas haunt towns across the UK with wilting memories of a bygone era. Local residents who once admired their picture palaces now berate them as eyesores. Why did so many cinemas not get the happy ending their Hollywood films promised?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cinemagoers didn&#8217;t have to venture far for their film fix by the end of the 1930s. By 1946 there were an estimated 4,816 cinema buildings across the UK, compared to 843 active sites as of 2020. However, years of post-war recovery did not work in cinema&#8217;s favour and the ritualistic addiction of cinemagoing experienced a rapid decline. A trip to the pictures fell out of fashion.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">From chic to shabby, a lack of ticket sales caused many fall into disrepair. Others were unable to recover from accidental fires, Blitz bombings and, in Northern Ireland, targeted destruction during the Troubles. Those that avoided demolition were commonly repurposed as bingo halls in the 60s, before transitioning into nightclubs and leisure centres from the 80s onwards. Some fell on harder times and permanently closed their doors. Financial hardships, planning restrictions and ownership disputes mean some remain untouched.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Abandoned cinemas have a certain lure. Having played significant roles in their local communities, their walls whisper secrets of our shared histories. They are the few survivors from cinema&#8217;s heyday, making it through raging war, ruthless competition and severe pigeon infestations. Teetering between demolition and restoration, they need a push in the right direction from their local councils and residents.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Here are just five such examples from around the UK, and the stories behind them.</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-palace-theatre-prince-of-wales-road">Palace Theatre, Prince of Wales Road </h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Swansea, Wales</em></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img src="https://spaces.filmstories.co.uk/uploads/2025/07/Derelict_former_Palace_Theatre_Swansea_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_3737931.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-105393"/></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Filling a small triangular plot, the three faded facades of Swansea&#8217;s 19th century music hall are (in)fringed with greenery. The owners caught wind of an exciting development in moving image technology in 1896 and hosted Swansea&#8217;s very first film screening. By 1912, the place was a full-blown cinema going by the name of Swansea Popular Picture Hall. However, the building struggled to keep up with competitors, having not been appropriately designed for exhibiting film. It was not long before live performance was on the cards again, and the venue seesawed between the two entertainments over the following decades. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When it first opened it boasted a fate-tempting &#8216;fireproof&#8217; design, and in 1949 a fire caused severe damage. Despite reconstruction, the theatre struggled to survive the 50s and closed in 1961. Narrowly escaping demolition, the building went on to serve as a bingo club in the 60s and a gay night club in the 80s. It&#8217;s been abandoned since 2007 but remains valuable to both theatre and cinema history. For example, in 1899 the Palace booked The Eight Lancashire Lads troupe, which featured a fresh-faced Charlie Chaplin!</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Plans to convert the site into offices are ongoing. The proposal promises to preserve the original frontage, but the building&#8217;s new purpose means it will be lost to the community. The national charity Theatre Trust proposes a compromise. It hopes part of the space may be turned into a restaurant to allow the public to experience the building. It doesn&#8217;t denounce the conversion to offices, as only by preserving the building in a commercially­ viable way might it endure as a landmark of theatrical entertainment.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-regal-cinema-hale-end-road">Regal Cinema, Hale End Road</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>London, England</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Mistakably the set-up for a horror movie, shards of sun spotlight a single wheelchair, visible through the crumbling brickwork of the former Regal Cinema. Erected in April 1911 as the Electric Theatre, it was part of a new wave of purpose­-built picture palaces. The 1909 Cinematograph Act imposed fire safety regulations on the premises of film screenings for the first time. Weighed with the growing interest in film (the UK&#8217;s first film magazine was published in 1911!), it made economic sense for exhibitors to construct buildings specially suited to the film­going public&#8217;s needs.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On the precipice of the talkies, the building was renamed Regal Cinema. Many cinemas were renovated in the 1930s to accommodate new sound technologies and cater to a growing audience. The Regal underwent many improvements, including an enlarged auditorium, new organ, and an updated Art Deco exterior. Art Deco and cinema collided in the 30s, most recognisably channelled today through Odeon&#8217;s branding.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It began to struggle in the early 60s. Bingo nights crept into its scheduling and took over in 1971. Just before its official closure, it briefly full-circled as a filming location for 1970&#8217;s <em>Deep End</em>. Scouted as the site for a seedy stalker story, it suggests the building&#8217;s demise from its former fashionable glory. The Regal was repurposed as a nightclub and snooker club over time, and fell into disuse in 2015.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There have been many failed attempts to rejuvenate the building &#8211; the most promising was to incorporate apartments that could fund the restoration of the cinema. There&#8217;s every chance that the council and community will rise to the challenge once more.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-forum-cinema-lime-street">Forum Cinema, Lime Street </h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Liverpool, England</em></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://spaces.filmstories.co.uk/uploads/2025/07/ABC_Cinema_Lime_Street_Liverpool-800x480.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-105395"/></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">An imposing stone exterior sweeps round a comer plot of Liverpool&#8217;s busy city centre. A power play by newly-conglomerated ABC (Associated British Cinemas), the former Forum super cinema opened on Lime Street in May 1931. Its frontage shares the Art Deco style of the 30s, though uniquely carved out of majestic Portland stone. These swanky new buildings were a result of changes to the structure of the film industry. Vertical integration gave rise to a few major studios who took control over the production, distribution and exhibition of their films. Boasting disproportionately large profits, dominant companies like ABC wore their wealth in extravagant cinemas.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But major studios were not immune to the decline in cinema attendances from the late 40s. The industry tried to combat the increasingly popular television by introducing CinemaScope in 1953. The Forum considered making these upgrades but found it was unable to accommodate the widescreen format due to its narrow build. Still, it managed to survive until January 1998.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Once hailed as Liverpool&#8217;s heart of cinema, Lime Street clings onto the Forum as its last surviving former cinema building. The fates of lost neighbours increase the Forum&#8217;s significance and urgent need for preservation. &#8216;Here lies the &#8216;Golden Age&#8217; of cinema&#8217; the Forum should read across the unsightly billboard fastened to its stone. A few years ago, proposals to turn the building into a live music venue promised to restore it as a creative space for the community, but sadly the scheme was never put into action. Hope remains that new life will be breathed (or electrified!) into the cinema yet.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vogue-cinema-newry-street">Vogue Cinema, Newry Street</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Kilkeel, Northern Ireland</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Along the weathered exterior of the former Vogue cinema, the pale, mottled walls suggest a glimmer of the glorious blue they once were. This independent, single-screen cinema opened to the public in April 1940. It rode the crest of the cinema craze-an enthusiasm so strong by the 40s that the UK&#8217;s wartime public insisted cinemas reopen after their initial closure in 1939 to help boost morale, and proceeded to remain seated in film screenings despite the urgent whirring of air raid sirens.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Vogue is notable for its role in World War II. Situated near the second largest American airfield in the UK, it was a place where troops could relax. Special guests graced its auditorium to entertain the servicemen-Bob Hope allegedly among them. When the building doubled as a town hall in later years it was a testament to the value the cinema held for the community; it was, and became even more so, a space representative of the local culture and the act of coming together. The Vogue was lovingly operated by several nearby families until their retirement in 2007 left the building to fend for itself.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The local council has recently put a questionnaire to Kilkeel residents &#8220;to explore the need and demand to restore the former Vogue Cinema&#8221;, which has been met with an enthusiastic desire to reclaim the space and its unique history. With much of the original cinematic equipment still in place, there&#8217;s scope to incorporate a museum into the renovated cinema. Exhibiting the building&#8217;s past would be a great way to engage visitors with the cinema on multiple levels.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broadway-main-street">Broadway, Main Street</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Prestwick, Scotland</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Ambiguous brown spatterings have recently been blasted from the former Broadway cinema, so that it can bare its pearly-white stone for the first time in decades. This simple, symmetrical frontage may eclipse the original brick and red-rimmed Art Deco style, but a bit of sprucing is nonetheless a cheerful indicator to passersby that this is a building in recovery. Plans are underway to restore this 86-year-old cinema thanks to some proactive members of the local community.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Despite becoming a bingo club in the 1960s, the Broadway proved itself to be a resilient cinema and determinedly reverted back to film screenings, if only briefly, in the 1970s. But as cinema attendances continued to drop to an all-time low in the 80s, trendier entertainments invaded the space. The foyer and cafe were replaced by an arcade and pool room, while the main auditorium was ripped out to accommodate squash courts. These destructive revisions have unfortunately rendered part of the building unsalvageable.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Yet, this has not discouraged local film enthusiasts to try to save what is left. The people of Prestwick spoke up. The Friends of the Broadway Cinema formed in 2012 to begin a tireless campaign to revive its community cinema, which had been vacant since 2003. A town meeting soon revealed widespread support for the cause and the campaign was given a financial push. An arts and culture hub with all-important cinema spaces is now on the horizon. To quash any uncertainty from investors, the campaign cleverly proved the local demand for cinema by hosting popular pop-up screenings across the town. These will soon transfer to the renovated parts of the Broadway, while there are plans to replace the irredeemable auditorium with a public garden that will innovatively retain its cinema roots via an outdoor screen.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Pre-pandemic, UK cinemas had been experiencing the best audience turnout in almost 40 years. As patrons gain confidence to return to reopened venues, there&#8217;s hope that the demand remains.</p>

